Alloo aloo para readers artikel SmartEdu! Gimana nih kabar nya? Sehat? Bahagia? Semoga apapun yang sedang para BestieSmart usahakan akan segera tercapai ya! Oke, MinSmart masih mau bahas seputar kepribadian nih. Kalau sebelumnya MinSmart udah bahas tentang gangguan kepribadian, kali ini MinSmart bakal bahas lebih dalam tentang salah satu gangguan kepribadian yang lagi hitz banget nih.
BestiSmart pernah dengar istilah ‘narsis’? atau pernah denger orang lain bilang ‘ih kamu narsis banget sih’ atau mungkin istilah ‘NPD’? pernah? Beberapa orang terkadang salah paham mengenai hal ini atau cenderung mudah menyatakan seseorang disebut ‘NPD’ karena beberapa hal. Nah, disini MinSmart akan membahas lebih dalam seputar NPD supaya BestieSmart gak salah pengertian lagi nih. Oke, kita baca artikelnya sama-sama ya!
Gangguan kepribadian narsistik atau yang sering disebut dengan istilah Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) merupakan gangguan kepribadian dengan pola perilaku rasa superioritas yang berlebihan, kebutuhan untuk diagungkan, dan rendah empati pada orang lain. Berikut penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai gejala Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD):
- Memiliki rasa harga diri yang tinggi. Misalnya, membesar besarkan prestasi dan bakat, berharap untuk diakui sebagai yang superior tanpa pencapaian yang sepadan. Rutin melebih lebihkan kemampuan mereka dan membesar besarkan pencapaian mereka. Terlihat sombong dan sok. Senang jika orang lain menganggap dirinya hebat. Tersirat dalam penilaian yang ditinggikan atas prestasi mereka dan meremehkan kontribusi orang lain.
- Berfokus pada fantasi atas kesuksesan, kekuatan, kecemerlangan, keindahan atau cinta yang tidak terbatas. Merenungkan tentang kekaguman dari orang lain dan hak istimewa mereka. Membandingkan diri mereka dengan orang terkenal atau istimewa.
- Meyakini bahwa dirinya istimewa dan unik dan hanya dapat dipahami oleh, atau berkaitan dengan, orang atau pihak yang spesial atau status yang tinggi. Merasa bahwa hanya dapat dipahami oleh orang yang istimewa atau berstatus tinggi. Merasa seharusnya hanya bergaul dengan orang orang tersebut. Percaya bahwa kebutuhan mereka khusus dan diluar jangkauan orang biasa. Cenderung bersikeras hanya memiliki orang “top” atau berafiliasi dengan institusi terbaik.
- Membutuhkan kekaguman yang berlebihan. Mereka mungkin sibuk dengan pemikiran seberapa baik dianggap orang, seberapa baik melakukan sesuatu. Berharap kedatangan disambut dengan meriah. Heran jika orang lain tidak menginginkan apa yang mereka miliki harta benda atau yg lain. Terus memancing pujian, dengan tebar pesona.
- Memiliki perasaan berhak yaitu ekspektasi yang tidak masuk akal untuk mendapatkan perlakuan yang baik perlakuan khusus atau kepatuhan otomatis yang sesuai dengan harapannya. Berharap dilayani dan menjadi bingung atau marah jika hal ini tidak terjadi. Berasumsi bahwa mereka merupakan prioritas sehingga orang lain harus patuh dan tunduk. Kerentanan harga diri yang ada, membuat orang NPD sangat sensitive terhadap luka atau kekalahan. Mungkin tidak ditunjukkan secara lahiriah namun mungkin dapat membuat mereka merasa terhina, hampa.
- Eksploitatif secara interpersonal (memanfaatkan orang lain untuk mencapai tujuannya sendiri. Berharap diberi apapun yang mereka inginkan atau rasakan butuh, tidak peduli apa artinya itu bagi orang lain. Mengharapkan dedikasi yang besar dari orang lain. Mungkin membebani orang lain berlebihan. Cenderung menjalin hubungan pertemanan ataupun romantis) hanya jika orang lain tampaknya bermanfaat untuk pencapaian tujuan atau meningkatkan harga diri.
- Kurang empati. Tidak mau mengenali atau mengidentifikasi dengan perasaan dan kebutuhan orang lain. Berasumsi bahwa orang lain sangat memperhatikan kesejahteraan mereka. Cenderung mendiskusikan masalah sendiri dengan detail yang tidak tepat dan panjang, tidak menyadari bahwa orang lain memiliki perasaan dan kebutuhan pula. Sering menghina dan tidak sabar dengan orang lain. Tidak menyadari rasa sakit hati yang mungkin ditimbulkan oleh ucapan mereka.
- Sering iri pada orang lain atau percaya bahwa orang lain iri terhadapnya Iri dengan keberhasilan atau harta benda milik orang lain. Merasa bahwa mereka lebih layak untuk hal hal yang dimiliki orang lain, dalam hal prestasi, kekaguman atau keistimewaan. Merendahkan kontribusi orang lain, terutama ketika orang tersebut telah menerima pengakuan atau pujian.
- Menunjukkan perilaku atau sikap arogan atau angkuh. Misalnya menyalahkan pelayan yang canggung dengan menganggapnya bodoh. Menyimpulkan evaluasi medis sendiri dengan merendahkan evaluasi yang diberikan oleh dokter.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu faktor genetik, kurangnya empati dan dukungan orang tua, anak merasa tidak dihargai orang tua sehingga gagal mengembangkan rasa harga diri yang kuat. Konsep diri menjadi terganggu dan merasa tidak pantas untuk dicintai dan dikagumi. Selain itu, Anak-anak yang mengalami penilaian berlebihan ini mungkin tidak mampu menerima evaluasi diri yang realistis dan terus bertindak seolah-olah mereka adalah individu yang superior. Mereka menganggap diri mereka sebagai orang yang berkuasa dan menuntut pengakuan dari orang lain.
Nah itulah penjelasan seputar Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD). Jika BestiSmart atau orang yang ada disekitar merasa memiliki gejala tersebut segera konsultasikan ke professional baik ke psikolog atau psikiater. Dan tentunya jangan melakukan Self-Diagnose yaa. Semoga bermanfaat.
Referensi
A, Wiramihardja, Sutardjo. (2015). Pengantar Psikologi Abnormal. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama
Noviyanti, D. (2020). Kenali dan Atasi: NPD, OCD, PPD. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.
Maslim, Dr. dr. Rusdi, Sp. KJ, M. Kes. (2001). Buku Saku Diagnosis Gangguan Jiwa Ruukan Singkat Dari PPDGJ III Dan DSM-5. Jakarta: FK Unika Atmajaya
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